Yingzi Ye

Interpreter vs. Family Member: Two Competing Information Systems

During my mother's six years of treatment, I learned that translation in healthcare is not a linguistic act—it's an information system. And sometimes, two systems collide.

My mother and I relied on interpreters during many appointments. Some were excellent, careful, and patient. Others were hurried, dismissive, or visibly annoyed. Over time, I noticed a deeper pattern:

The interpreter and I were functioning as two different information systems—with different priorities, constraints, and fidelities.

The interpreter prioritized efficiency and flow. I prioritized accuracy and representation. These goals often collided.

1. Interpreter priorities: speed, simplification, and clinic workflow

Interpreters, especially in busy oncology settings, must keep appointments moving. Their incentives are structural:

• complete translation quickly • keep the conversation aligned with the doctor’s pace • avoid long explanations • use familiar, simple English terms • reduce culturally specific expressions

This makes practical sense—clinics run on tight schedules. But it introduces **semantic compression**.

For example, my mother might describe a sensation with cultural metaphor or layered nuance. The interpreter often rephrased it into:

"She feels pain."

That phrase was not wrong. But it was incomplete—and incompleteness becomes inaccuracy over time.

2. Family-member priorities: fidelity, nuance, and lived context

When I interpreted, my priorities were different:

• preserve nuance • preserve metaphor • clarify uncertainty • represent emotional context • ensure my mother's voice remained whole

I was not neutral—I was deeply invested. My goal was fidelity, not speed.

This often meant challenging the interpreter:

“That is not what she meant.” “She did not say sharp pain—she said pressure that moves.” “This is not anxiety—this is a physical symptom she cannot describe easily in English.”

These corrections annoyed some interpreters, who saw them as disruptions. But they were essential to preserving meaning.

3. Two systems → two patient representations

Interpreter-driven notes tended to be:

• shorter • simpler • less descriptive • less culturally informed

My interpretations produced:

• longer explanations • culturally contextualized symptoms • more precise descriptions • clearer timelines and histories

The same patient produced two different notes depending on who interpreted. In the EHR, this becomes:

Interpreter System → compressed notes Family System → expanded notes

When these notes become data, the variation appears as “noise.” But it is not noise—it is representational inequity.

4. Power dynamics shape translation

I witnessed many moments where interpreters influenced what my mother felt allowed to say:

• impatience discouraged her from asking questions • tonal shifts made her feel “stupid” • interruptions cut off descriptions mid-sentence • minimized symptoms changed how clinicians responded

These small moments mattered. They shaped her care.

A rushed interpreter can unintentionally narrow what gets recorded. A sensitive interpreter can expand it.

5. Why this matters for health data science

When multilingual patients enter datasets as “inconsistent,” “low-quality,” or “high-missingness,” those labels often reflect:

• interpreter variability • documentation drift • cross-cultural mismatch • semantic compression

Not the patient.

This is why I am drawn to studying:

• multilingual EHR representation • interpreter-mediated data quality • documentation inequity • upstream variation before data becomes data

My mother’s care taught me that translation is not a side task—it is a structural factor in data quality.